SCOTTISH PUCK (ROBIN GOODFELLOW) HOBGOBLIN
Puck, or Robin Goodfellow,
is a character from Shakespeare's play "A Midsummer Night's
Dream". With his flute made from a willow twig, he accompanies
fairies on their moonlight dances.
The Welsh called him pwca, which is pronounced the
same as his Irish incarnation pooka. These are far from
his only names. Parallel words exist in many ancient languages
- puca in Old English, puki in Old Norse,
puke in Swedish, puge in Danish, puks in Low
German, pukis in Latvia and Lithuania -- mostly with
the original meaning of a demon, devil or evil and malignant
spirit. Because of this similarity it is uncertain
whether the original puca sprang from the imaginative
minds of the Scandinavians, the Germans or the Irish. As a
shape-shifter, puck has had many appearances over the
years. He's been in the form of animals, like how the pooka
can become a horse, eagle or ass. He's been a rough, hairy
creature in many versions. One Irish story has him as an old
man. He's been pictured like a brownie or a hobbit. Robin
Goodfellow is one of the faeries known as hobgoblins or just
hobs. Hob is a short form for the name Robin or Robert ("the
goblin named Robin".) Robin itself was a medieval nickname for
the devil. Robin Goodfellow was not only famous for
shape-shifting and misleading travelers, he was also a helpful
domestic sprite much like the brownies. He would clean houses
and such in exchange for some cream or milk. If offered new
clothes, he'd stop cleaning. |
|
William Shakespeare gave his puck the name and
nature of the more benevolent Robin Goodfellow, however,
Shakespeare's puck is more closely tied to the fairy
court than most pucks or Robin Goodfellows.
Variants:
pooka, phooka, phouka
(Irish),
puca (Old English), puci (Old Norse), puge (Danish), puke (Swedish),
pukis (Latvia/Lithuania), puks (low German), pwca (Welsh).
Either I mistake your shape and
making quite,
Or else you are that shrewd and knavish sprite
Called Robin Goodfellow. Are not you he
That frights the maidens of the villagery,
Skim milk, and sometimes labor in the quern,
And bootless make the breathless housewife churn,
And sometime make the drink to bear no barm,
Mislead night-wanders, laughing at their harm?
Those that Hobgoblin call you, and sweet Puck,
You do their work, and they shall have good luck.
Are you not he?
William Shakespeare, A Midsummer Night's Dream,
Act II, scene i (1594)
|